• Primitive values are simply values stored to variables without creating new objects.
• For all of the types of variables we have created so far, there was a way for us to declare those variables as objects.
• If we declare variables as objects, they would be of the reference type instead of primitive.

• For example, lets simply declare a new variable that stores a string of text:

let primitiveWords = "Have a really great day, like maybe even the best day ever, because why not.";

• The variable ‘primitiveWords’ is a string primitive.

• JavaScript identifies six data types as primitive: undefined, null, boolean, number, string, and symbol. That means the following variables are also primitive types:

let year = 2018;
let snowyOutside = false;
let randomVariable;
let placeHolder = null;

• Now lets create the reference type equivalent of the primitive variable ‘words’:

let referenceWords = new String("Have a really great day, like maybe even the best day ever, because why not.");

• the variable referenceWords is a String Object.

• The purpose of learning about the difference between primitive and reference types is to understand the use of JavaScript methods.
• JavaScript methods exist for the different objects in the JavaScript library.
• An object’s method is essentially a function that was programmed as a property of that object, and therefore we can invoke the function similarly to how we retrieve any property of an object: objectName.objectMethod()

• We have not yet covered functions, so we will not learn about writing object methods until the next section.
• Instead, this lesson focuses on using the object methods already built into the JavaScript library.

• Let’s start with the String Object and its methods:
• As you saw, we can create a reference type variable that stores a string object.
• On this object, we can use the methods created for JavaScript String Objects, such as:

1. .length : returns the length of a string

2. .indexOf(“word”) : returns the index of the first occurrence of the specified text within quotes

3. .slice(start, end) : splits a string into two strings, the new string containing the text within the start and end indexes

• For example:

let referenceWords = new String("Have a really great day, like maybe even the best day ever, because why not.");
console.log(referenceWords.length); // this prints 76 to the console
console.log(referenceWords.indexOf("great"));  // this prints 14 to the console
console.log(referenceWords.indexOf("why"));  // this prints 68 to the console

• However, if I try to use these methods with the primitiveWords variable….

let primitiveWords = "Have a really great day, like maybe even the best day ever, because why not.";
console.log(primitiveWords.length);  // this prints 76 to the console
console.log(primitiveWords.indexOf("great"));  // this prints 14 to the console
console.log(primitiveWords.indexOf("why"));  // this prints 68 to the console

• The methods still work even though primitiveWords is a primitive type!!!

• This is because, whenever these methods are invoked, JavaScript treats primitive values as objects in order to use the many methods in the JS library.
• This means that we can apply the JavaScript methods for most objects to their primitive equivalent.
• The rest of this module will cover pre-existing methods that can be used on different types of objects.

Exercise 3.3